Na Wednesde, Onye isi ala Biden kwupụtara nkwekọrịta inye Intel ijeri $ 8.5 na ntinye ego ozugbo yana ijeri $ 11 na mgbazinye ego n'okpuru Iwu CHIPS na Sayensị.Intel ga-eji ego a maka fabs ya na Arizona, Ohio, New Mexico, na Oregon.Dịka akọwara na akwụkwọ akụkọ Disemba 2023 anyị, Iwu CHIPS na-enye mkpokọta $52.7 ijeri ego maka ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor US, gụnyere ijeri $39 na mkpali nrụpụta.Tupu ekenye Intel, Iwu CHIPS ekenyelarị ijeri $ 1.7 na GlobalFoundries, Microchip Technology, na BAE Systems, dị ka Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA).
Ọganihu na ego n'okpuru iwu CHIPS adịla nwayọ, ebe a mara ọkwa nke mbụ ihe karịrị otu afọ ka ọ gachara.N'ihi ego a na-eji nwayọ nwayọ, ụfọdụ nnukwu ọrụ nrụpụta semiconductor na United States egbuola oge.TSMC kwukwara ihe isi ike n'ịchọta ndị ọrụ ihe owuwu ruru eru.Intel kwuru na igbu oge ndị ahụ bụ obere ire ere.
Mba ndị ọzọ ekenyekwala ego iji kwalite mmepụta semiconductor.Na Septemba 2023, European Union gafere Iwu Chips European, nke kwuru ijeri euro 430 (ihe dị ka ijeri $ 470) na ntinye ego ọha na nke onwe maka ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor.Na Nọvemba 2023, Japan ekenyela ¥ 2 trillion (ihe dị ka ijeri $13) maka nrụpụta semiconductor.Taiwan weputara iwu na Jenụwarị 2024 iji nye mkpali ụtụ isi maka ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor.Na Machị 2023, South Korea gafere ụgwọ iji nye mkpali ụtụ maka teknụzụ atụmatụ, gụnyere semiconductor.A na-atụ anya ka China guzobe ego ijeri $40 nke gọọmentị na-akwado iji kwado ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor ya.
Kedu ihe bụ atụmanya maka mmefu ego ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor (CapEx) n'afọ a?Iwu CHIPS na-achọ ịkwalite mmefu ego isi obodo, mana ọtụtụ n'ime mmetụta agaghị apụta ìhè ruo mgbe 2024 gasịrị. N'afọ gara aga, ahịa semiconductor na-akụda mmụọ jụrụ site na 8.2%, na-eduga ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ iji kpachara anya maka mmefu ego na 2024. Anyị na-eme atụmatụ. na mkpokọta semiconductor CapEx na 2023 bụ $169 ijeri, mbelata 7% site na 2022. Anyị na-ebu amụma mbelata 2% na CapEx maka 2024.
Site na mgbake nke ahịa ebe nchekwa na mmụba a na-atụ anya site na ngwa ọhụrụ dị ka ọgụgụ isi, a na-atụ anya na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ebe nchekwa ga-abawanye mmefu ego na 2024. Samsung na-ezube ịnọgide na-emefu ego dị larịị na 2024 na $ 37 ijeri ma ọ kwụsịghị isi obodo. mmefu na 2023. Micron Technology na SK Hynix belatara nnukwu ego mmefu ego na 2023 ma na-eme atụmatụ maka uto ọnụọgụ abụọ na 2024.
Ụlọ ọrụ kachasị ukwuu, TSMC, na-ezube imefu ihe dị ka ijeri $28 ruo $ 32 na 2024, yana ihe ruru ijeri $ 30, na-ebelata 6% site na 2023. SMIC na-ezube ịnọgide na-emefu ego isi obodo, ebe UMC na-ezube ịbawanye site na 10%.GlobalFoundries na-atụ anya mbelata 61% na mmefu isi obodo na 2024 mana ọ ga-abawanye mmefu n'ime afọ ole na ole sochirinụ site n'ịrụ ụlọ ọhụrụ na Malta, New York.
N'ime ndị nrụpụta ngwaọrụ Integrated (IDMs), Intel na-ezube ịbawanye mmefu ego site na 2% na 2024 ruo ijeri $26.2.Intel ga-abawanye ikike maka ma ndị ahịa na-emepụta ihe na ngwaahịa dị n'ime.Mmefu isi obodo Texas Instruments ka dị larịị.TI na-ezube imefu ihe dị ka ijeri $5 kwa afọ ruo 2026, bụ isi maka ihe ọhụrụ ya na Sherman, Texas.STMicroelectronics ga-ebelata mmefu ego site na 39%, ebe Infineon Teknụzụ ga-ebelata site na 3%.
Samsung, TSMC, na Intel, ndị na-emefu ego atọ kachasị ukwuu, na-atụ anya na ha ga-aza 57% nke mmefu ego ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor site na 2024.
Kedu ọkwa kwesịrị ekwesị nke mmefu ego gbasara ahịa semiconductor?Mgbanwe nke ahịa semiconductor bụ nke a maara nke ọma.N'ime afọ 40 gara aga, ọnụ ọgụgụ uto nke afọ agbadala site na 46% na 1984 ruo 32% na 2001. Ọ bụ ezie na mgbanwe nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ebelatala na ntozu okè, ọnụego ya ruru 26% n'ime afọ ise gara aga.Ọ dara site na 12% na 2021 na 12% na 2019. Ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor kwesịrị ịhazi ikike ha maka afọ ndị na-abịa.Iwulite fab ọhụrụ na-ewe ihe dị ka afọ abụọ, yana oge agbakwunyere maka nhazi na itinye ego.N'ihi ya, oke nke ego isi ego nke semiconductor na ahịa semiconductor dị iche iche dị iche iche, dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.
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Oke nke mmefu ego isi ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor na nha ahịa sitere na elu nke 34% ruo obere 12%.Nkezi nke afọ ise dara n'etiti 28% na 18%.N'ime oge niile site na 1980 ruo 2023, mmefu ego ejirila 23% nke ahịa semiconductor.N'agbanyeghị mgbanwe, usoro ogologo oge nke oke a ka na-agbanwe agbanwe.Dabere na uto ahịa siri ike na mbelata nke mmefu ego, anyị na-atụ anya na oke a ga-agbada site na 32% na 2023 ruo 27% na 2024.
Ọtụtụ amụma na-ebu amụma uto ahịa semiconductor na nso nke 13% ruo 20% maka 2024. ọgụgụ isi semiconductor anyị na-ebu amụma uto nke 18%.Ọ bụrụ na 2024 na-arụ ọrụ siri ike dịka a tụrụ anya ya, ụlọ ọrụ nwere ike ịbawanye atụmatụ mmefu ego ha ka oge na-aga.Anyị nwere ike ịtụ anya ịhụ mgbanwe dị mma na mmefu ego semiconductor na 2024.
Oge nzipu: Eprel-08-2024