Na Wenezde, Onyeisiala Biden kwupụtara nkwekọrịta inye Intel ego ruru ijeri dọla 8.5 na ego mgbazinye ruru ijeri dọla 11 n'okpuru Iwu CHIPS na Sayensị. Intel ga-eji ego a mee ihe maka ụlọ ọrụ wafer ya na Arizona, Ohio, New Mexico, na Oregon. Dịka akọwara n'akwụkwọ ozi anyị nke Disemba 2023, Iwu CHIPS na-enye ngụkọta ego ruru ijeri dọla 52.7 maka ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor nke US, gụnyere ijeri dọla 39 na ihe mkpali imepụta ihe. Tupu e kenye Intel, Iwu CHIPS enyela ngụkọta ego ruru ijeri dọla 1.7 nye GlobalFoundries, Microchip Technology, na BAE Systems, dịka Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA) si kwuo.
Ọganihu dị na ego n'okpuru Iwu CHIPS adịla nwayọ, ebe a mara ọkwa nke mbụ ihe karịrị otu afọ ka emechara ya. N'ihi mbelata ego a na-enye, ụfọdụ nnukwu ọrụ mmepụta ihe owuwu semiconductor na United States egbuola oge. TSMC hụkwara ihe isi ike n'ịchọta ndị ọrụ owuwu ruru eru. Intel kwuru na mbelata ahịa bụ ihe kpatara mbelata ahịa.
Mba ndị ọzọ ekenyekwala ego iji kwalite mmepụta semiconductor. Na Septemba 2023, European Union kwadoro Iwu European Chips, nke kwuru na a ga-etinye euro ijeri 430 (ihe dị ka ijeri $470) na itinye ego ọha na eze na nkeonwe maka ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor. Na Nọvemba 2023, Japan tinyere ¥ trillion 2 (ihe dị ka ijeri $13) maka mmepụta semiconductor. Taiwan tinyere iwu na Jenụwarị 2024 iji nye mkpali ụtụ isi maka ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor. Na Maachị 2023, South Korea tinyere iwu iji nye mkpali ụtụ isi maka teknụzụ atụmatụ, gụnyere semiconductor. A na-atụ anya na China ga-eguzobe ego ijeri $40 nke gọọmentị na-akwado iji nye ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor ya nkwado.
Kedụ atụmanya maka mmefu isi obodo nke ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor (CapEx) n'afọ a? Iwu CHIPS na-achọ ịkwalite mmefu isi obodo, mana ọtụtụ mmetụta agaghị apụta ìhè ruo mgbe 2024 gasịrị. N'afọ gara aga, ahịa semiconductor dara site na 8.2% n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma, nke mere ka ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ jiri nlezianya mee ihe maka mmefu isi obodo na 2024. Anyị na-eme atụmatụ na mkpokọta semiconductor CapEx na 2023 bụ ijeri $169, mbelata 7% site na 2022. Anyị na-ebu amụma mbelata 2% na CapEx maka 2024.
Site na mgbake nke ahịa ebe nchekwa na mmụba a na-atụ anya na ọchịchọ sitere na ngwa ọhụrụ dịka ọgụgụ isi arụrụ arụ, a na-atụ anya na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ebe nchekwa ga-amụba mmefu isi obodo na 2024. Samsung na-eme atụmatụ ịnọgide na-enwe mmefu dịtụ ala na 2024 na ijeri $37 mana ebelataghị mmefu isi obodo na 2023. Micron Technology na SK Hynix belatara mmefu isi obodo nke ukwuu na 2023 ma na-eme atụmatụ maka uto ọnụọgụ abụọ na 2024.
Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe kachasị ukwuu, TSMC, na-eme atụmatụ imefu ihe dị ka ijeri dọla iri abụọ na asatọ ruo ijeri dọla iri atọ na abụọ na 2024, yana ọkara nke $30 ijeri, mbelata nke 6% site na 2023. SMIC na-eme atụmatụ ịnọgide na-enwe mmefu isi obodo dị larịị, ebe UMC na-eme atụmatụ ịbawanye site na 10%. GlobalFoundries na-atụ anya mbelata 61% na mmefu isi obodo na 2024 mana ọ ga-eme ka mmefu dịkwuo elu n'ime afọ ole na ole sochirinụ site na iwu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ na Malta, New York.
N'etiti ndị na-emepụta ngwaọrụ agbakwunyere (IDMs), Intel na-eme atụmatụ ịbawanye mmefu isi obodo site na 2% na 2024 ruo ijeri $26.2. Intel ga-eme ka ikike maka ma ndị ahịa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ngwaahịa dị n'ime ya dịkwuo elu. Mmefu isi obodo Texas Instruments ka dị obere. TI na-eme atụmatụ imefu ihe dị ka ijeri $5 kwa afọ ruo 2026, ọkachasị maka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ ya na Sherman, Texas. STMicroelectronics ga-ebelata mmefu isi obodo site na 39%, ebe Infineon Technologies ga-ebelata site na 3%.
A na-atụ anya na Samsung, TSMC, na Intel, ndị atọ kachasị emefu ego, ga-aza 57% nke mmefu isi obodo ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor ka ọ na-erule 2024.
Kedu ọkwa mmefu isi obodo kwesịrị ekwesị ma e jiri ya tụnyere ahịa semiconductor? A maara nke ọma mgbanwe nke ahịa semiconductor. N'ime afọ 40 gara aga, ọnụego uto kwa afọ agbadala site na 46% na 1984 ruo 32% na 2001. Ọ bụ ezie na mgbanwe nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ebelatala ka ntozu okè, ọnụego uto ya ruru 26% n'ime afọ ise gara aga. Ọ dara site na 12% na 2021 na 12% na 2019. Ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor kwesịrị ịhazi ikike ha maka afọ ndị na-abịa. Iwuli ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ na-ewekarị ihe dị ka afọ abụọ, yana oge ọzọ achọrọ maka atụmatụ na ego. N'ihi ya, oke mmefu isi obodo semiconductor na ahịa semiconductor dịgasị iche nke ukwuu, dịka egosiri n'okpuru.
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Oke mmefu isi obodo semiconductor na nha ahịa sitere na oke nke 34% ruo obere nke 12%. Oke nkezi afọ ise dara n'etiti 28% na 18%. N'ime oge niile site na 1980 ruo 2023, mmefu isi obodo agụnyela 23% nke ahịa semiconductor. N'agbanyeghị mgbanwe, usoro ogologo oge nke oke a ka na-agbanwe agbanwe. Dabere na uto ahịa siri ike a tụrụ anya ya na mbelata na mmefu isi obodo, anyị na-atụ anya na oke a ga-ebelata site na 32% na 2023 ruo 27% na 2024.
Ọtụtụ amụma na-ebu amụma uto ahịa semiconductor n'etiti 13% ruo 20% maka 2024. Ọgụgụ isi semiconductor anyị na-ebu amụma uto nke 18%. Ọ bụrụ na 2024 arụ ọrụ nke ọma dịka a tụrụ anya ya, ụlọ ọrụ nwere ike ịbawanye atụmatụ mmefu isi obodo ha ka oge na-aga. Anyị nwere ike ịtụ anya ịhụ mgbanwe dị mma na mmefu isi obodo semiconductor na 2024.
Oge ozi: Eprel-08-2024