A na-etolite kristal sapphire site na ntụ ntụ alumina dị elu na ịdị ọcha nke> 99.995%, na-eme ka ha bụrụ ebe kachasị mkpa maka alumina dị ọcha. Ha na-egosipụta ike dị elu, isi ike dị elu, yana ihe ndị na-emepụta kemịkalụ kwụsiri ike, na-enyere ha aka ịrụ ọrụ na gburugburu ebe siri ike dị ka okpomọkụ dị elu, corrosion, na mmetụta. A na-eji ha eme ihe na nchekwa mba, teknụzụ ndị nkịtị, microelectronics, na mpaghara ndị ọzọ.
Site na ntụ ntụ alumina dị elu ruo na kristal sapphire
1. Ngwa igodo nke Sapphire
Na mpaghara nchekwa, a na-eji kristal sapphire eme ihe maka windo infrared ngwa ọgụ. Agha ọgbara ọhụrụ chọrọ ezigbo ngwa agha, na windo anya infrared bụ ihe dị oke mkpa iji nweta ihe a chọrọ. N'iburu n'uche na ngwa agha na-enweta oke ikuku ikuku na mmetụta n'oge ụgbọ elu na-agba ọsọ dị elu, yana mpaghara ọgụ siri ike, radome ga-enwerịrị ike dị elu, nguzogide mmetụta, yana ikike iguzogide mbuze sitere na ájá, mmiri ozuzo na ọnọdụ ihu igwe ndị ọzọ siri ike. Kristal sapphire, nwere ezigbo nnyefe ọkụ ha, akụrụngwa akụrụngwa kachasị elu, yana njirimara kemịkalụ kwụsiri ike, abụrụla ihe dị mma maka windo infrared ngwa ọgụ.
Igwe ọkụ ọkụ na-anọchi anya ngwa sapphire kachasị ukwuu. A na-ewere ọkụ ọkụ LED dị ka mgbanwe nke atọ mgbe fluorescent na oriọna na-azọpụta ike. Ụkpụrụ nke LEDs gụnyere ịtụgharị ike eletrik n'ime ike ọkụ. Mgbe nke ugbu a na-agafe na semiconductor, oghere na electrons na-ejikọta, na-ahapụ ike karịrị ike n'ụdị ọkụ, n'ikpeazụ na-emepụta ìhè. Teknụzụ mgbawa LED dabere na wafers epitaxial, ebe a na-edobe ihe gaseous oyi akwa site na oyi akwa na mkpụrụ. Ihe ndị bụ isi na-agụnye ihe ndị dị na silicon, ihe ndị na-emepụta silicon carbide na sapphire. N'ime ndị a, ihe ndị dị na sapphire na-enye uru dị ukwuu karịa abụọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere nkwụsi ike ngwaọrụ, teknụzụ nkwadebe tozuru oke, enweghị ike ịnweta ìhè a na-ahụ anya, ezigbo nnyefe ọkụ, na ọnụ ahịa dị oke ọnụ. Data na-egosi na 80% nke ụlọ ọrụ LED zuru ụwa ọnụ na-eji sapphire dị ka ihe ntinye ha.
Na mgbakwunye na ngwa ndị a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu, a na-ejikwa kristal sapphire na ihuenyo ekwentị mkpanaaka, ngwaọrụ ahụike, ịchọ mma ọla, yana ihe windo maka ngwa nchọpụta sayensị dị iche iche dị ka lenses na prisms.
2. Ọnụ ahịa ahịa na atụmanya
N'ịkwalite site na nkwado amụma yana nhụta ngwa na-agbasawanye nke ibe LED, a na-atụ anya ka a na-achọ mkpụrụ sapphire na nha ahịa ha ga-enweta uto ọnụọgụ abụọ. Ka ọ na-erule 2025, a na-atụ anya ibu mbupu nke mkpụrụ osisi sapphire ga-eru nde 103 (gbanwere gaa na 4-inch substrates), na-anọchite anya mmụba 63% ma e jiri ya tụnyere 2021, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ uto kwa afọ (CAGR) nke 13% site na 2021 ruo 2025. Ọnụ ahịa ahịa nke sapphire na-atụ anya na ijeri 2 ¥ 5 site na 2 ¥ ka ọ ruru ijeri 2. 108% na-abawanye ma e jiri ya tụnyere 2021, yana CAGR nke 20% site na 2021 ruo 2025. Dị ka “mbụ ụzọ” maka mkpụrụ, nha ahịa na usoro uto nke kristal sapphire pụtara ìhè.
3. Nkwadebe nke kristal sapphire
Kemgbe 1891, mgbe onye France chemist Verneuil A. chepụtara usoro ire ọkụ iji mepụta kristal gem na nke mbụ, ọmụmụ banyere uto kristal sapphire agbasala ihe karịrị otu narị afọ. N'ime oge a, ọganihu na sayensị na teknụzụ ebutela nyocha buru ibu n'ime usoro uto sapphire iji gboo mkpa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe maka ịdịmma kristal dị elu, ọnụego ojiji ka mma, yana belata ọnụ ahịa mmepụta. Ụzọ ọhụrụ na teknụzụ dị iche iche apụtawo maka kristal sapphire na-eto eto, dị ka usoro Czochralski, usoro Kyropoulos, usoro mmepụta ihe nkiri na-emepụta ihu (EFG), na usoro mgbanwe okpomọkụ (HEM).
3.1 Ụzọ Czochralski maka kristal sapphire na-eto eto
Usoro Czochralski, nke Czochralski J. sụrụ ụzọ na 1918, bụkwa nke a maara dị ka usoro Czochralski (nke a na-akpọchiri dị ka usoro Cz). Na 1964, Poladino AE na Rotter BD bu ụzọ tinye usoro a iji too kristal sapphire. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, o mepụtala ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke kristal sapphire dị elu. Ụkpụrụ ahụ na-agụnye ịgbaze ihe ndị dị n'ime ya iji mee ka ọ gbazee, wee tinye otu mkpụrụ kristal n'ime ebe mgbaze. N'ihi ọdịiche dị na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na interface siri ike-mmiri mmiri, supercooling na-eme, na-eme ka agbaze ahụ sie ike n'elu mkpụrụ ahụ wee malite ịmalite otu kristal nke nwere otu ụdị kristal dị ka mkpụrụ ahụ. A na-ebuli mkpụrụ ahụ nwayọ elu ka ọ na-atụgharị n'otu ọsọ. Ka a na-adọta mkpụrụ ahụ, agbaze ahụ na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-esiwanye ike na interface ahụ, na-eme otu kristal. Usoro a, nke gụnyere ịdọrọ kristal site na gbazee, bụ otu n'ime usoro a na-emekarị maka ịkwadebe otu kristal dị elu.
Uru nke usoro Czochralski gụnyere: (1) mmụba ngwa ngwa, na-eme ka mmepụta nke otu kristal dị elu dị elu n'ime obere oge; (2) kristal na-eto n'elu gbazee na-enweghị kọntaktị na mgbidi crucible, na-ebelata nrụgide dị n'ime na-eme ka mma kristal dịkwuo mma. Otú ọ dị, nnukwu ihe ndọghachi azụ nke usoro a bụ ihe isi ike na-eto eto kristal buru ibu, na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị mma maka ịmepụta kristal buru ibu.
3.2 Usoro Kyropoulos maka kristal sapphire na-eto eto
Usoro Kyropoulos, nke Kyropoulos chepụtara na 1926 (nke e debiri dị ka usoro KY), na-ekerịta myirịta na usoro Czochralski. Ọ na-agụnye itinye mkpụrụ kristal n'elu ebe gbazere wee jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebuli ya elu ka ọ bụrụ olu. Ozugbo ọnụ ọgụgụ siri ike na interface nke mkpụrụ-agbaze agbaze kwụsiri ike, a naghị adọta mkpụrụ ahụ ma ọ bụ tụgharịa. Kama nke ahụ, a na-achịkwa ọnụego jụrụ oyi iji mee ka otu kristal jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ si n'elu gbadaa, na-emecha nwee otu kristal.
Usoro Kyropoulos na-emepụta kristal nwere àgwà dị elu, njupụta ntụpọ dị ala, nnukwu, na ọnụ ahịa dị mma.
Ụzọ 3.3 Edge-akọwapụtara ihe nkiri-Fed Growth (EFG) maka ito kristal sapphire
Usoro EFG bụ teknụzụ uto kristal akpụrụ akpụ. Ụkpụrụ ya na-agụnye itinye mgbaze dị elu na-agbaze n'ime ihe. A na-adọta agbaze ahụ n'elu nke ebu site na capillary action, ebe ọ na-akpọtụrụ kristal mkpụrụ. Ka a na-adọkpụpụta mkpụrụ ahụ na agbaze na-agbaze, otu kristal na-etolite. Nha na ọdịdị nke ihu ihu na-amachibido akụkụ kristal. N'ihi ya, usoro a nwere njedebe ụfọdụ ma dabara adaba maka kristal sapphire ekara dị ka tubes na profaịlụ U.
3.4 Usoro mgbanwe ọkụ (HEM) maka kristal sapphire na-eto eto
Fred Schmid na Dennis chepụtara usoro mgbanwe okpomọkụ maka ịkwadebe kristal sapphire buru ibu na 1967. Usoro HEM na-egosipụta ihe mkpuchi ọkụ dị mma, njikwa onwe ya nke gradient okpomọkụ na agbaze na kristal, na njikwa dị mma. Ọ dịtụ mfe na-emepụta kristal sapphire nwere nkwụsị dị ala ma buru ibu.
Uru nke usoro HEM gụnyere enweghị mmegharị na crucible, crystal, na kpo oku n'oge uto, na-ewepụ omume ịdọrọ dị ka ndị dị na Kyropoulos na Czochralski ụzọ. Nke a na-ebelata nnyonye anya mmadụ ma na-ezere ntụpọ kristal nke mmegharị igwe kpatara. Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike ịchịkwa ọnụego jụrụ oyi iji belata nrụgide okpomọkụ yana nrụrụ kristal na mgbawa. Usoro a na-enyere aka itolite kristal buru ibu, dị mfe ịrụ ọrụ, ma na-ejide atụmanya mmepe na-ekwe nkwa.
N'ịkwalite nka miri emi na uto kristal sapphire na nhazi nkenke, XKH na-enye ngwọta sapphire omenala njedebe na njedebe ahaziri maka nchekwa, LED, na ngwa optoelectronics. Na mgbakwunye na sapphire, anyị na-enye ihe dị iche iche nke semiconductor dị elu gụnyere silicon carbide (SiC) wafers, silicon wafers, SiC ceramic components, na quartz ngwaahịa. Anyị na-ahụ pụrụiche àgwà, ntụkwasị obi, na teknuzu nkwado gafee niile ihe, na-enyere ndị ahịa nweta ọganihu arụmọrụ na elu ulo oru na nyocha ngwa.
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-29-2025