Semiconductors na-eje ozi dị ka isi nkuku nke afọ ozi, na ihe ọ bụla iteration nke ọ bụla na-akọwapụta ókè nke nkà na ụzụ mmadụ. Site na semiconductors sitere na silicon nke ọgbọ nke mbụ ruo na ọgbọ nke anọ taa ultra-wide bandgap ihe, ịrị elu evolushọn ọ bụla akwalitela ọganihu mgbanwe na nkwukọrịta, ike, na kọmpụta. Site n'ịtụle njirimara na mgbagha mgbanwe ọgbọ nke ihe semiconductor dị ugbu a, anyị nwere ike ibu amụma ntụzịaka ndị nwere ike maka semiconductor ọgbọ nke ise ka anyị na-enyocha ụzọ atụmatụ China na mpaghara asọmpi a.
I. Njiri mara na echiche evolushọn nke ọgbọ Semiconductor anọ
Semiconductors nke ọgbọ mbụ: Silicon-Germanium Foundation Era
Njirimara: Elemental semiconductors dị ka silicon (Si) na germanium (Ge) na-enye ọnụ ahịa-irè na tozuru okè mmepụta usoro, ma na-ata ahụhụ site warara bandgaps (Si: 1.12 eV; Ge: 0.67 eV), ịmachi voltaji ndidi na elu-ugboro arụmọrụ.
Ngwa: sekit jikọtara ọnụ, mkpụrụ ndụ anyanwụ, ngwaọrụ obere voltaji / obere ugboro.
Onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala mgbanwe: Ọchịchọ na-eto eto maka ịrụ ọrụ oke ọkụ / oke ọkụ na optoelectronics karịrị ike silicon.
Semiconductors nke ọgbọ nke abụọ: Mgbanwe Mgbakọta nke III-V
Njirimara: Ogige III-V dị ka gallium arsenide (GaAs) na indium phosphide (InP) na-egosipụta bandgaps sara mbara (GaAs: 1.42 eV) na ngagharị elektrọn dị elu maka RF na ngwa fotonic.
Ngwa: Ngwa 5G RF, diode laser, nkwukọrịta satịlaịtị.
Ihe ịma aka: Ụkọ ihe onwunwe (ọtụtụ indium: 0.001%), ihe ndị na-egbu egbu (arsenic), na ọnụ ahịa mmepụta dị elu.
Ọkwọ ụgbọ ala mgbanwe: Ngwa ike/ike chọrọ ihe nwere voltaji ndakpọ dị elu.
Semiconductors nke ọgbọ nke atọ: Mgbanwe ike ike Bandgap sara mbara
Njirimara: Silicon carbide (SiC) na gallium nitride (GaN) na-ebuga bandgaps> 3eV (SiC: 3.2eV; GaN: 3.4eV), na njikwa okpomọkụ dị elu na njirimara dị elu.
Ngwa: EV powertrains, PV inverters, 5G akụrụngwa.
Uru: 50%+ nchekwa ike yana mbelata nha 70% megide silicon.
Onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala mgbanwe: AI / kọmpụta quantum chọrọ ihe nwere metrik arụmọrụ dị oke egwu.
Semiconductors ọgbọ nke anọ: Ultra-Wide Bandgap Frontier
Àgwà: Gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃) na diamond (C) rụpụta bandgaps ruo 4.8eV, na-ejikọta ultra-ala na-eguzogide na kV-klas voltaji ndidi.
Ngwa: Ultra-high-voltage ICs, omimi-UV detectors, quantum Communication.
Ọganihu: Ngwa Ga₂O₃ na-eguzogide> 8kV, na-eme ka arụmọrụ SiC dị okpukpu atọ.
Echiche Evolushọn: Ọ dị mkpa ịmali arụmọrụ nke ọnụọgụgụ iji merie oke anụ ahụ.
I. Usoro Semiconductor Ọgbọ nke ise: Ihe Nrụpụta Quantum & Nhazi 2D
Ihe ndị nwere ike ime mmepe gụnyere:
1. Topological Insulators: Ntugharị n'elu na nnukwu mkpuchi na-enyere eletriki efu efu.
2. Ihe 2D: Graphene/MoS₂ na-enye nzaghachi ugboro ugboro THz na ndakọrịta elektrọnik na-agbanwe agbanwe.
3. Quantum Dots & Photonic Crystals: Bandgap engineering na-enyere aka ntinye optoelectronic-thermal.
4. Bio-Semiconductors: DNA/protein dabeere onwe-nchịkọta ihe bridge bayoloji na ngwá electronic.
5. Ndị na-anya ụgbọ ala: AI, oghere ụbụrụ-kọmputa, na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke ime ụlọ chọrọ.
II. Ohere Semiconductor nke China: Site na onye na-eso ụzọ gaa na onye ndu
1. Nkà na ụzụ ọganihu
• 3rd-Gen: Mass mmepụta nke 8-inch SiC substrates; SiC MOSFET nke ụgbọ ala na ụgbọ ala BYD
• 4th-Gen: 8-inch Ga₂O₃ epitaxy nchoputa nke XUPT na CETC46
2. Nkwado amụma
• Atụmatụ afọ ise nke 14 na-ebute ụzọ nke atọ-gen semiconductors
• Mpaghara narị ijeri yuan ulo oru ego guzobere
• Ihe ịrịba ama 6-8 inch GaN ngwaọrụ na Ga₂O₃ transistor depụtara n'etiti ọganihu teknụzụ 10 kachasị na 2024
III. Ihe ịma aka na ngwọta dị mkpa
1. Nka na ụzụ bottlenecks
• Uto kristal: Mkpụrụ dị ala maka nnukwu dayameta boules (dịka ọmụmaatụ, Ga₂O₃ cracking)
• Ụkpụrụ Ntụkwasị Obi: Enweghị usoro iwu kwadoro maka ule ike dị elu / elu ugboro ugboro.
2. Ọpụpụ Chain Supply
• Akụrụngwa: <20% ọdịnaya ụlọ maka ndị na-akụ kristal SiC
• Nkuchi: Mmasị ala ala maka akụrụngwa ebubata
3. Ụzọ aghụghọ
• Mmekọ ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ: Emebere ya ka “Semiconductor Alliance nke atọ-Gen”
• Niche Lekwasịrị anya: bute ụzọ nkwukọrịta quantum/ahịa ike ọhụrụ
• Mmepe Talent: Mepụta mmemme agụmakwụkwọ "Chip Science & Engineering".
Site na silicon ruo Ga₂O₃, semiconductor evolushọn na-akọ banyere mmeri ụmụ mmadụ nwere n'oke oke anụ ahụ. Ohere China dị n'ịmụ ihe nke ọgbọ nke anọ ka ọ na-asụ ụzọ ihe ọhụrụ nke ọgbọ nke ise. Dị ka Ọkammụta Yang Deren si kwuo: “Ezi ihe ọhụrụ na-achọ ụzọ a na-agaghị aga.” Mmekọrịta nke amụma, isi obodo, na teknụzụ ga-ekpebi ọdịnihu semiconductor China.
XKH apụtala dị ka onye na-eweta ngwọta agbakwunyere kwụ ọtọ na-ahụ maka ihe semiconductor dị elu n'ofe ọgbọ teknụzụ. Site na isi ikike na-agbasa uto kristal, nhazi nkenke, na teknụzụ mkpuchi na-arụ ọrụ, XKH na-ebuga mkpụrụ na-arụ ọrụ dị elu na wafers epitaxial maka ngwa mbelata na ngwa elektrọn ike, nkwukọrịta RF, na sistemụ optoelectronic. Usoro gburugburu ebe obibi anyị na-emepụta ihe na-agụnye usoro nwe ụlọ maka imepụta 4-8 inch silicon carbide na gallium nitride wafers na njikwa ntụpọ na-eduga ụlọ ọrụ, ebe a na-ejigide mmemme R&D na-arụ ọrụ na ihe na-apụta ultra-wide bandgap gụnyere gallium oxide na diamond semiconductors. Site na mmekorita ya na ụlọ ọrụ nyocha na ndị na-emepụta akụrụngwa, XKH ewepụtala usoro nrụpụta na-agbanwe agbanwe nke nwere ike ịkwado ma nrụpụta dị elu nke ngwaahịa ahaziri iche yana mmepe pụrụ iche nke ngwọta ihe ahaziri iche. Ọkachamara nka nka XKH lekwasịrị anya n'ịgbasa ihe ịma aka ụlọ ọrụ dị oke egwu dị ka imeziwanye otu wafer maka ngwaọrụ ike, ịkwalite njikwa ọkụ na ngwa RF, yana ịmepụta heterostructures ọhụrụ maka ngwaọrụ fotonic ọgbọ na-abịa. Site na ijikọta sayensị ihe dị elu na ikike injinia ziri ezi, XKH na-enyere ndị ahịa aka imeri oke arụmọrụ na ngwa ugboro dị elu, ike dị elu na ngwa gburugburu ebe obibi na-akwado mgbanwe ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor na-aga n'ihu n'ichepụta nnwere onwe.
Ndị a bụ XKH's 12inchsapphire wafer & 12inch SiC substrate:
Oge nzipu: Jun-06-2025