Windows Optical Metallized: The Unsung Enablers in Precision Optics

Na nkenke optics na usoro optoelectronic, ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ nke ọ bụla, na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ iji rụzuo ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya. N'ihi na a na-emepụta ihe ndị a n'ụzọ dị iche iche, ọgwụgwọ elu ha na-adịkwa iche. N'ime ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe,windo ngwa anyabata n'ọtụtụ usoro dị iche iche. Akụkụ nke yiri ka ọ dị mfe ma dị mkpa bụ nkewindo ngwa anya metallized-ọ bụghị naanị "onye nche ọnụ ụzọ" nke ụzọ anya, kamakwa ọ bụ eziokwuonye na-eme ihenke usoro ọrụ. Ka anyị lebakwuo anya.

Kedu ihe bụ windo ngwa anya mebere - gịnịkwa mere o ji mee ya?

1) Nkọwa

N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ dị mfe, awindo ngwa anya metallizedbụ ngwa anya akụrụngwa nke mkpụrụ - a na-ahụkarị iko, fused silica, sapphire, wdg-nwere a mkpa oyi akwa (ma ọ bụ multilayer) nke metal (eg, Cr, Au, Ag, Al, Ni) edebe n'ọnụ ya ma ọ bụ n'elu ẹkedọhọde n'elu ebe site elu-nkenke agụụ usoro dị ka evaporation ma ọ bụ sputtering.

Site na taxonomy nzacha sara mbara, windo metallized bụọ bụghịomenala "nzacha ngwa anya." Emebere ihe nzacha kpochapụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ bandpas, ogologo ngafe) ka ọ bụrụ nhọrọ na-ebufe ma ọ bụ gosipụta ụfọdụ eriri spectral, na-agbanwe ụdịdị ọkụ. Awindo ngwa anya, n'ụzọ dị iche, bụ isi ihe nchebe. Ọ ghaghị ịnọgide na-enweelu nnyefen'elu nnukwu band (dịka, VIS, IR, ma ọ bụ UV) mgbe ị na-enyeikewapụ gburugburu ebe obibi na akara.

Kpọmkwem karịa, windo mebere ọla bụ asubclass pụrụ ichenke windo ngwa anya. Ọdịiche ya dị nametallization, nke na-enye ọrụ windo nkịtị enweghị ike inye.

2) Gịnị mere metallize? Ebumnuche na uru bụ isi

Iji metal opaque kpuchie ihe na-apụtachaghị ìhè n'aha nwere ike ịdị ka nke na-emegiderịta onwe ya, mana ọ bụ nhọrọ nwere amamihe ma nwee ebumnuche. Metallization na-enyere otu ma ọ bụ karịa n'ime ihe ndị a:

(a) nnyonye anya eletrọnịkị (EMI) mkpuchi
N'ọtụtụ usoro eletrọnịkị na optoelectronic, sensọ nwere mmetụta (dịka, CCD/CMOS) na lasers dị mfe na EMI mpụga — ma nwee ike wepụta nnyonye anya n'onwe ha. Igwe igwe na-aga n'ihu na-eduzi na windo nwere ike ime ka aFaraday onu, na-enye ohere ka ọkụ gafere mgbe ọ na-egbochi mpaghara RF/EM achọghị, si otú ahụ na-eme ka arụmọrụ ngwaọrụ kwụsie ike.

(b) Njikọ eletrik na ala
Igwe igwe metara na-eduzi. Site n'ịgbanye ụzọ na ya ma ọ bụ site na ịkpọtụrụ ya na ụlọ ígwè, ị nwere ike ịmepụta ụzọ eletriki maka ihe ndị a na-agbanye n'akụkụ ime nke windo (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị na-ekpo ọkụ, ihe mmetụta okpomọkụ, electrodes) ma ọ bụ kechie windo n'ala iji gbasaa static ma kwalite nchebe.

(c) Hermetic akara
Nke a bụ ihe eji eme ihe. N'ime ngwaọrụ ndị chọrọ oghere dị elu ma ọ bụ ikuku inert (dịka ọmụmaatụ, tubes laser, tubes fotomultiplier, sensọ ikuku), windo ga-ejikọta na ngwugwu ígwè nwereakara na-adịgide adịgide, nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ya. Ijiịgba ume, rim metallized nke windo jikọtara ya na ụlọ ọla iji nweta hermeticity ka mma karịa njikọ nrapado, na-ahụ nkwụsi ike gburugburu ebe obibi ogologo oge.

(d) oghere na ihe mkpuchi
Metallization ekwesịghị ikpuchi elu dum; enwere ike ịhazi ya. Itinye nkpuchi igwe ahaziri ahazi (dịka ọmụmaatụ, okirikiri ma ọ bụ square) na-akọwapụta nke ọmaoghere doro anya, na-egbochi ọkụ kpafuo, ma na-emeziwanye SNR na ogo onyonyo.

Ebe a na-eji windo ọla mee

N'ihi ike ndị a, windo metallized na-ebusa ebe ọ bụla gburugburu chọrọ:

• Nchekwa & ikuku:ndị na-achọ ngwa agha, ụgwọ ọrụ satịlaịtị, sistemu IR ikuku - ebe ịma jijiji, oke ọkụ, na EMI siri ike bụ ụkpụrụ. Metallization na-eweta nchebe, akara, na mkpuchi.

• Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na nyocha dị elu:lasers ike dị elu, ihe nchọpụta urughuru, oghere oghere, cryostats-ngwa na-achọ iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe na-adịghị ike, nnabata radieshon, na oghere eletrik a pụrụ ịdabere na ya.

• Ahụike ahụike na sayensị ndụ:Ngwa nwere lasers agbakwunyere (dịka ọmụmaatụ, cytometer na-asọpụta) nke ga-emechi oghere laser ka ọ na-ahapụ oghere ahụ.

• Nkwukọrịta na nghọta:modul fiber optic na ihe mmetụta gas na-erite uru na nchekwa EMI maka ịdị ọcha mgbaàmà.

Isi nkọwa na njirisi nhọrọ

Mgbe ị na-akọwapụta ma ọ bụ na-enyocha windo ngwa anya metallized, lekwasị anya na:

1. Ihe eji eme ihe- Na-ekpebi arụmọrụ anya na nke anụ ahụ:

• iko BK7/K9:akụ na ụba; dabara na anya.

• Ngwakọta silica:nnyefe dị elu site na UV ruo NIR; CTE dị ala na nkwụsi ike dị mma.

• Sapphire:oke ike, ọkọ na-eguzogide, oke okpomọkụ nwere ike; nnukwu UV-mid-IR ịba uru na gburugburu ọjọọ.

• Si/G:N'ụzọ bụ isi maka IR bands.

2. Kpochapụ oghere (CA)– Mpaghara ekwe nkwa izute ngwa anya ụdịdị. Ebe metallized n'ozuzu dina n'èzí (ma buru ibu) CA.

3. Ụdị metallization & ọkpụrụkpụ-

• Cra na-ejikarị eme ihe maka oghere na-egbochi ọkụ yana dị ka ihe mgbakwasị / brazing base.

• Auna-enye elu conductivity na oxidation iguzogide maka soldering / brazing.
  Ọkpụrụkpụ a na-ahụkarị: iri na iri ruo narị nanometers, ahaziri ka ọ rụọ ọrụ.

4. Mbufe- Ntinye pasentị karịa ndị otu ebumnuche (λ₁–λ₂). Window dị elu nwere ike gafere99%n'ime eriri imewe (ya na mkpuchi AR kwesịrị ekwesị na oghere doro anya).

5. Hermeticity- Dị oke egwu maka windo brazed; A na-enyochakarị ya site na nnwale leak helium, yana ọnụego ntapu siri ike dịka<1 × 10⁸ cc/s(atm He).

6. ndakọrịta brazing- Ngwunye igwe ga-adị mmiri ma jikọta nke ọma na ihe ndị ahọpụtara (dịka, AuSn, AgCu eutectic) ma nagide ịgba ígwè na nrụgide ọrụ.

7. Ogo elu- Scratch-Dig (dịka,60-40ma ọ bụ ka mma); Ọnụọgụ ndị nta na-egosi ntụpọ ole na ole/ dị mfe.

8. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị n'elu- Mgbanwe ewepụghị, akọwapụtara nke ọma na ebili mmiri n'ogologo oge enyere (dịka ọmụmaatụ,λ/4, λ/10 @ 632.8 nm); obere ụkpụrụ pụtara mma flatness.

N'okpuru ala

Window ngwa anya metallized na-anọdụ na nexus nkengwa anya arụmọrụnaarụrụ arụrụ arụ/ọkụ eletrik. Ha na-agabiga naanị nnyefe, na-eje ozi dị kaihe mgbochi nchebe, ọta EMI, oghere hermetic, na àkwà mmiri eletrik. Ịhọrọ ngwọta ziri ezi chọrọ nyocha azụmaahịa nke usoro sistemụ: ị chọrọ conductivity? Agụụ hermeticity gbawara agbawa? Gịnị bụ band ọrụ? Kedu ka ibu gburugburu ebe obibi siri sie ike? Azịza ya na-eme ka nhọrọ nke mkpụrụ osisi, njupụta metallization, na ụzọ nhazi.

Ọ bụ kpomkwem nke a Nchikotamicro-ọnụ ọgụgụ nkenke(iri puku kwuru iri nanometers nke igwe eji eme ihe nkiri) nannukwu ike siri ike(na-anagide nrụgide dị iche iche na obi ọjọọ thermal swings) nke na-eme ka windo ngwa anya metallized bụrụ ihe dị mkpa."Super window"-ijikọ ngalaba anya dị nro na ọnọdụ ụwa kacha sie ike n'ezie.